In the early stages, prostate cancer often causes no symptoms for years. As a fact, these cancers are often found first time with an abnormality on a blood test (PSA, discussed below) or as a hard lump on the prostate gland.
Usually, doctors first to feel the lump when a rectal examination is a routine digital (done with the fingers). Prostate gland is located directly in front of the rectum. When the cancer growing and pressing on the urethra, urine flow decreased and urine (remove small water) becomes more difficult.
Patients may also experience burning sensation when urinating or blood in the urine. When the tumor continues to grow, he can block the flow of urine completely, resulting in an enlarged bladder and impeded the sick.
At later stages, prostate cancer can spread locally into the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes nearby, called the pelvic nodes (pelvic nodes).
Cancer can then spread even farther (metastasize) to other areas of the body-arae. Doctors at a rectal examination can sometimes detect local spread into surrounding tissues.
The doctor can feel a hard tumor and settled (not moving), which extends from and beyond the gland. Prostate cancer usually spreads first to the lower spine (lower spine) or the bones of the pelvis / pelvic bones (the bones that menhubungkan lower spine to hip-hip), thereby causing the back pain (back pain) or pelvic pain (pelvic pain). Cancer can then spread to the liver and lungs.
Metastases (areas where the cancer has spread) in the liver can cause pain in the stomach (abdomen) and jaundice (yellow skin color) on rare events. Metastases in the lungs can cause chest pain and cough.
Make Prostate Cancer Screening Test
Screening tests are tests conducted at regular intervals to detect a disease like prostate cancer in its early stages. If the results of a screening test is normal, there is no suspected illnesses. If a screening test is abnormal, the disease is suspected, and tests further ang usually required to confirm the suspicion to make the diagnosis is assured.
Prostate cancer is initially suspected because of an abnormality of one or two screening tests to detect prostate cancer dugunakan. Screening tests is a rectal examination with a finger and a blood test, called prostate specific antigen (PSA).
On rectal examination with a finger (digital rectal examination), the doctor felt the prostate gland with a sheathed finger into the rectum to detect abnormalities of the gland. Thus, an irregular lumps or hardness that is felt on the surface of the gland is a discovery of suspicious for prostate cancer.
Therefore, doctors usually recommend examination of the rectum with a finger every year in men aged 40 years and older.
PSA test is a simple blood test, can be repeated and accurate. He used to detect a protein (prostate specific antigen) that is released from the prostate gland into the blood. Far more important, the PSA level is usually higher in men with prostate cancer than men without prostate cancer.
PSA, therefore, is valuable as a screening test for prostate cancer. Therefore, doctors recommend doing a PSA each year in men aged 50 years and older. Furthermore, for men who have higher risks of prostate cancer as discussed above, most doctors recommend PSA screening starting at even younger ages (eg at age 40 years).
The results of the PSA blood test under 4 nanograms per milliliter is generally considered normal. The results between 4 and 10 be considered as the borderline. Nila-boundary value is interpreted in the context of patient age, symptoms, signs, family history, and the changes in PSA levels over time.
The results are higher than 10 is considered abnormal, suggesting the possibility of prostate cancer. Higher PSA values, were more likely diagnosis of prostate cancer. More than that, PSA levels tend to increase if the cancer has continued from prostate cancer is confined to the distribution organs (metastatic) elsewhere.
These values are very high, like 30 or 40 and over, usually caused by prostate cancer.
Source: SuaraMerdeka
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